Grade 23 Titanium vs. ASTM A148 Cast Steel
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A148 cast steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A148 cast steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 5.7 to 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 280 to 670 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 30 | |
| 13 to 45 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 630 to 1300 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 390 to 1160 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 400 to 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 37 to 47 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 7.3 to 7.5 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 8.3 to 8.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 2.3 to 3.3 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 1.5 to 1.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 20 to 22 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 48 to 53 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 71 to 150 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 400 to 3570 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 22 to 46 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 21 to 34 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 9.9 to 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 18 to 38 |