Grade 23 Titanium vs. ASTM A414 Steel
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A414 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A414 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 15 to 26 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 140 to 260 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 230 to 370 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 360 to 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 190 to 350 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 49 to 50 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 7.2 to 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 8.3 to 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 2.2 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.8 to 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 1.5 to 1.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 20 to 22 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 48 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 69 to 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 100 to 330 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 13 to 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 14 to 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 11 to 17 |