Grade 23 Titanium vs. ASTM A514 Steel
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A514 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A514 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 18 to 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 470 to 540 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 490 to 520 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 790 to 830 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 690 to 770 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 to 260 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 400 to 440 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 37 to 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 7.2 to 7.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 8.3 to 8.8 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 2.3 to 3.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.8 to 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 1.6 to 1.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 21 to 25 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 48 to 57 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 140 to 170 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 1280 to 1590 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 28 to 29 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 24 to 25 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 10 to 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 23 to 24 |