Grade 23 Titanium vs. AWS ERNiCrMo-4
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AWS ERNiCrMo-4 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is AWS ERNiCrMo-4.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 220 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 28 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 84 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 790 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1590 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1530 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 410 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 70 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 9.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 13 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 170 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 280 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 21 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 22 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 14.5 to 16.5 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.5 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 4.0 to 7.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 50 to 63.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 3.0 to 4.5 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 to 0.35 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |