Grade 23 Titanium vs. Titanium 4-4-2
Both grade 23 titanium and titanium 4-4-2 are titanium alloys. They have a moderately high 93% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is titanium 4-4-2.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 10 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 590 to 620 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 30 | |
| 20 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 42 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 690 to 750 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 1150 to 1250 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 1030 to 1080 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 6.7 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 8.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 39 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 4.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 30 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 480 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 110 to 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 4700 to 5160 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 34 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 68 to 74 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 52 to 55 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 2.6 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 86 to 93 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 3.0 to 5.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 3.0 to 5.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.7 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 1.5 to 2.5 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 85.8 to 92.2 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |