Grade 23 Titanium vs. S46500 Stainless Steel
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while S46500 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is S46500 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 2.3 to 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 550 to 890 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Rockwell C Hardness | 32 | |
| 29 to 54 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 75 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 730 to 1120 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 1260 to 1930 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 1120 to 1810 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 780 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 11 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 15 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 3.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 51 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 120 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 43 to 210 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 44 to 68 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 33 to 44 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 44 to 67 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 11 to 12.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 72.6 to 76.1 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.75 to 1.3 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 10.7 to 11.3 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 1.5 to 1.8 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |