Grade 29 Titanium vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel
Grade 29 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 29 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.8 to 11 | |
| 9.1 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 460 to 510 | |
| 140 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.3 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.3 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 39 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 640 | |
| 45 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 410 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 62 to 100 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3420 to 3540 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 47 to 48 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 4.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 68 to 69 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 58.4 to 70 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 4.0 to 7.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0.080 to 0.14 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88 to 90.9 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |