Grade 31 Titanium vs. ASTM A209 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A209 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A209 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 34 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 180 to 200 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 280 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 420 to 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 220 to 250 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 410 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 to 1430 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 50 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 8.1 to 8.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 47 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 120 to 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 130 to 170 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 15 to 16 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 16 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 12 to 14 |