Grade 31 Titanium vs. EN 1.4923 Stainless Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.4923 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.4923 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 12 to 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 300 to 440 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 34 | |
| 40 to 46 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 540 to 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 870 to 980 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 470 to 780 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 740 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 24 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 2.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 3.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 2.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 41 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 110 to 150 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 570 to 1580 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 31 to 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 26 to 28 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 6.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 30 to 34 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.18 to 0.24 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 11 to 12.5 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 83.5 to 87.1 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.9 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.8 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.25 to 0.35 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |