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Grade 31 Titanium vs. EN 1.7221 Steel

Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.7221 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.7221 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
190
Elongation at Break, % 20
11 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 300
290 to 390
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 41
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 510
650 to 780
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 450
430 to 630

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 320
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 21
44
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 8.7
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.4
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 6.9
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 4.5
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 36
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 600
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 230
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 99
83 to 98
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 940
490 to 1050
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 32
23 to 27
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 32
21 to 24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.5
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 39
19 to 23

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.22 to 0.29
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2
Cobalt (Co), % 0.2 to 0.8
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.3
96.8 to 98.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.5 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.15 to 0.3
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.050
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.35
0
Palladium (Pd), % 0.040 to 0.080
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 97.9 to 99.76
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0