Grade 31 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1084 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1084 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1084 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 320 to 370 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 34 | |
| 28 to 45 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 72 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 470 to 550 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 780 to 930 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 510 to 600 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 240 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 8.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 81 to 89 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 700 to 960 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 28 to 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 to 27 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 25 to 30 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.8 to 0.93 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 98.1 to 98.6 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |