Grade 31 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1524 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1524 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1524 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 14 to 22 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 230 to 340 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 34 | |
| 39 to 48 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 360 to 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 570 to 650 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 320 to 540 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 8.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 9.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 48 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 84 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 270 to 760 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 20 to 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 18 to 21 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.19 to 0.25 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 98 to 98.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 1.4 to 1.7 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |