Grade 31 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 51B60 Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 51B60 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 51B60 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 12 to 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 280 to 340 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 390 to 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 660 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 400 to 550 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 43 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 7.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 8.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 49 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 73 to 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 420 to 800 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
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| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0.00050 to 0.0030 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.56 to 0.64 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 0.9 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 97 to 97.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.75 to 1.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |