Grade 31 Titanium vs. S45000 Stainless Steel
Grade 31 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while S45000 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 31 titanium and the bottom bar is S45000 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 20 | |
| 6.8 to 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 300 | |
| 330 to 650 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 34 | |
| 22 to 50 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 590 to 830 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 510 | |
| 980 to 1410 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 450 | |
| 580 to 1310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 840 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1390 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 17 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.7 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.4 | |
| 2.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 36 | |
| 2.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 39 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 230 | |
| 130 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 99 | |
| 94 to 160 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 940 | |
| 850 to 4400 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 35 to 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 28 to 36 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 4.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 39 | |
| 33 to 47 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 14 to 16 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0.2 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 1.3 to 1.8 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 72.1 to 79.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 5.0 to 7.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.9 to 99.76 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |