Grade 4 Titanium vs. Grade 2 Titanium
Both grade 4 titanium and grade 2 titanium are titanium alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 2 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 | |
| 150 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 250 |
| Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy, J | 23 | |
| 160 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 37 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 38 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 390 | |
| 270 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 640 | |
| 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 530 | |
| 360 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 19 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 9.0 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.1 | |
| 3.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.3 | |
| 7.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 37 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 510 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 110 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 92 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1330 | |
| 600 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 40 | |
| 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 37 | |
| 28 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.6 | |
| 8.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 46 | |
| 32 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.6 to 100 | |
| 98.9 to 100 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |