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Grade VDC Steel vs. ASTM Grade HL Steel

Both grade VDC steel and ASTM grade HL steel are iron alloys. They have 49% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HL steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
500

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1390
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1340
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
490
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
27
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
4.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
65
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
210

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
11

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.2 to 0.6
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
28 to 32
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
40.8 to 53.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
18 to 22
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040