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Grade VDC Steel vs. AWS E33-31

Both grade VDC steel and AWS E33-31 are iron alloys. They have a modest 31% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 19 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is AWS E33-31.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
81
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
810

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1330
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
36
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
6.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
86
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
260

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
24
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
31 to 35
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0.4 to 0.8
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
24.7 to 34.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
2.5 to 4.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
1.0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
30 to 32
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.3 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.9
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.010