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Grade VDC Steel vs. Monel 400

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Monel 400 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is Monel 400.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
160
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
62
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
540 to 780

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1000
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1350
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1300
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
430
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
23
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
3.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
3.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
50
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
7.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
110
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
250

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
10
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
21
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
17 to 25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
17 to 21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
6.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
17 to 25

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0 to 0.3
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
28 to 34
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
0 to 2.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
63 to 72
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.024