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SAE-AISI 1021 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4340M Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1021 steel and SAE-AISI 4340M steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 95% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1021 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130 to 150
710
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 17 to 27
6.0
Fatigue Strength, MPa 190 to 300
690
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 310 to 320
1360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 480 to 530
2340
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 450
1240

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 52
38
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.0
9.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
3.9
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
26
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
55

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 84 to 110
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 530
4120
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17 to 19
84
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17 to 18
51
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
10
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15 to 17
70

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.23
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.7 to 1.0
Iron (Fe), % 98.8 to 99.22
93.3 to 94.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.65 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.35 to 0.45
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.012
Silicon (Si), % 0
1.5 to 1.8
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.012
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.050 to 0.1