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SAE-AISI 1023 Steel vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1023 steel and ASTM A232 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1023 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130 to 140
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 17 to 29
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 180 to 270
1040
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46 to 56
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 280 to 300
1090
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 430 to 480
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 240 to 410
1610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 53
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 6.9
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.0
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 45
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 77 to 100
250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15 to 17
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16 to 17
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 15
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.25
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 99.06 to 99.5
96.8 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0.7 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.035
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3