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SAE-AISI 1023 Steel vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1023 steel and ASTM A321 carbon steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1023 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130 to 140
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 17 to 29
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 180 to 270
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 46 to 56
39
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 280 to 300
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 430 to 480
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 240 to 410
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 53
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 6.9
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.0
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 45
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 77 to 100
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 150 to 450
400
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15 to 17
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16 to 17
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 15
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.25
0 to 0.55
Iron (Fe), % 99.06 to 99.5
98.1 to 99.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0.6 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050