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SAE-AISI 1040 Steel vs. ASTM A356 Grade 9

Both SAE-AISI 1040 steel and ASTM A356 grade 9 are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A356 grade 9.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160 to 180
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 13 to 20
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 220 to 340
310
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 40 to 45
50
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 570 to 640
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 320 to 530
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
260
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.0
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
3.6
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
33
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
56

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 79 to 96
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 270 to 760
570
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20 to 23
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19 to 21
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18 to 20
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.37 to 0.44
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0
1.0 to 1.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.6 to 99.03
95.2 to 97.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.5 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.9 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.2 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.2 to 0.35