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SAE-AISI 1090 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4042 Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1090 steel and SAE-AISI 4042 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1090 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4042 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 220 to 280
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 11
13
Fatigue Strength, MPa 320 to 380
360
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 470 to 570
410
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 790 to 950
680
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 520 to 610
570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 240
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
49
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
2.1
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82 to 91
81
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 730 to 1000
860
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28 to 34
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 27
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 25 to 31
22

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.85 to 1.0
0.4 to 0.45
Iron (Fe), % 98 to 98.6
97.9 to 98.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.040