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SAE-AISI 4012 Steel vs. AWS E409Nb

Both SAE-AISI 4012 steel and AWS E409Nb are iron alloys. They have 85% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel and the bottom bar is AWS E409Nb.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 23
23
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 420
500
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220
380

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
25
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
3.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
13
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
2.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
42
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
100

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82
110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130
380
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16
18
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
6.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
14

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.090 to 0.14
0 to 0.12
Chromium (Cr), % 0
11 to 14
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.75
Iron (Fe), % 98.2 to 98.9
80.2 to 88.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0 to 0.75
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.6
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0.5 to 1.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030