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SAE-AISI 4012 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 5140 Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4012 steel and SAE-AISI 5140 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 5140 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130
170 to 290
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 23
12 to 29
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160
220 to 570
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 270
360 to 600
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 420
560 to 970
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220
290 to 840

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
45
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
2.1
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
49

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82
76 to 180
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130
220 to 1880
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15
20 to 34
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16
19 to 28
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
16 to 29

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.090 to 0.14
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.7 to 0.9
Iron (Fe), % 98.2 to 98.9
97.3 to 98.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040