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SAE-AISI 4012 Steel vs. S32654 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4012 steel and S32654 stainless steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. They have 43% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel and the bottom bar is S32654 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130
220
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Elongation at Break, % 23
45
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160
450
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
82
Shear Strength, MPa 270
590
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 420
850
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220
490

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
11
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
15

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
34
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
6.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
87
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
220

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82
330
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130
570
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15
29
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16
25
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
2.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.090 to 0.14
0 to 0.020
Chromium (Cr), % 0
24 to 25
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.3 to 0.6
Iron (Fe), % 98.2 to 98.9
38.3 to 45.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
2.0 to 4.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
7.0 to 8.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
21 to 23
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.45 to 0.55
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.0050