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SAE-AISI 4161 Steel vs. AISI 312 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4161 steel and AISI 312 stainless steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. They have 68% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4161 steel and the bottom bar is AISI 312 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 20
28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 290
370
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Shear Strength, MPa 420
510
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 680
780
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 410
510

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 43
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.5
17
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
3.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
48
Embodied Water, L/kg 50
170

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
190
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 460
640
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
4.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 22
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.56 to 0.64
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 0.9
24 to 26
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.6
62.2 to 69.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.25 to 0.35
1.2 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
5.5 to 6.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.14 to 0.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030