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SAE-AISI 4320 Steel vs. C94400 Bronze

SAE-AISI 4320 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C94400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4320 steel and the bottom bar is C94400 bronze.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160 to 240
55
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
100
Elongation at Break, % 21 to 29
18
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.35
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
37
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 570 to 790
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 430 to 460
110

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
180
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
150
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
940
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
790
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
350
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
19

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.4
10
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.5
9.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.4
32
Density, g/cm3 7.9
9.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.7
3.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 22
54
Embodied Water, L/kg 52
390

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 140 to 150
33
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 480 to 560
60
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.1
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
17
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20 to 28
6.8
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19 to 24
9.0
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
17
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 27
8.3

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Antimony (Sb), % 0
0 to 0.8
Carbon (C), % 0.17 to 0.22
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.4 to 0.6
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
76.1 to 84
Iron (Fe), % 95.8 to 97
0 to 0.15
Lead (Pb), % 0
9.0 to 12
Manganese (Mn), % 0.45 to 0.65
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
0
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.050
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.080
Tin (Sn), % 0
7.0 to 9.0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.8