SAE-AISI 4621 Steel vs. C40500 Penny Bronze
SAE-AISI 4621 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C40500 penny bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4621 steel and the bottom bar is C40500 penny bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 27 | |
| 3.0 to 49 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 43 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 320 | |
| 210 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 270 to 540 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 360 | |
| 79 to 520 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 410 | |
| 190 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1060 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1020 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 46 | |
| 160 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.4 | |
| 41 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 42 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 3.3 | |
| 30 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 | |
| 2.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 22 | |
| 43 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 50 | |
| 320 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 120 | |
| 16 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 340 | |
| 28 to 1200 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 8.5 to 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 10 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 48 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 15 | |
| 9.5 to 19 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0.18 to 0.23 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 94 to 96 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.1 to 97.1 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 1.7 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.3 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 2.1 to 5.3 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |