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SAE-AISI 5140 Steel vs. 2024 Aluminum

SAE-AISI 5140 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 2024 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 5140 steel and the bottom bar is 2024 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
71
Elongation at Break, % 12 to 29
4.0 to 16
Fatigue Strength, MPa 220 to 570
90 to 180
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
27
Shear Strength, MPa 360 to 600
130 to 320
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 560 to 970
200 to 540
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 290 to 840
100 to 490

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
390
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
500
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
880
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 45
120
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
23

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
30
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
90

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
11
Density, g/cm3 7.8
3.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
8.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 49
1140

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 76 to 180
20 to 68
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 220 to 1880
70 to 1680
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
46
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20 to 34
18 to 50
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19 to 28
25 to 49
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
46
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16 to 29
8.6 to 24

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
90.7 to 94.7
Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 0.1
Copper (Cu), % 0
3.8 to 4.9
Iron (Fe), % 97.3 to 98.1
0 to 0.5
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
1.2 to 1.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.3 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.15
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.25
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0 to 0.2
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15

Comparable Variants