SAE-AISI D2 Steel vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel
Both SAE-AISI D2 steel and ASTM A232 spring steel are iron alloys. They have 86% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D2 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 5.0 to 16 | |
| 14 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 to 860 | |
| 1040 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 75 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 460 to 1160 | |
| 1090 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 760 to 2000 | |
| 1790 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 to 1510 | |
| 1610 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 250 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1440 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 31 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 4.3 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 5.1 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 8.0 | |
| 2.3 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.4 | |
| 2.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 50 | |
| 28 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 92 to 100 | |
| 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 to 72 | |
| 64 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 46 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.3 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 25 to 67 | |
| 53 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 1.4 to 1.6 | |
| 0.48 to 0.53 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13 | |
| 0.8 to 1.1 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 81.3 to 86.9 | |
| 96.8 to 97.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0.7 to 0.9 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.7 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.1 | |
| 0.15 to 0.3 |