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SAE-AISI D2 Steel vs. Type 4 Niobium

SAE-AISI D2 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 4 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D2 steel and the bottom bar is Type 4 niobium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 5.0 to 16
23
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.4
Shear Modulus, GPa 75
38
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 760 to 2000
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470 to 1510
140

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
270
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 31
42
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
7.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.7
8.6
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 92 to 100
44
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 570 to 5940
93
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
6.8
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 72
7.2
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 46
9.5
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.3
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 25 to 67
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 1.4 to 1.6
0 to 0.010
Chromium (Cr), % 11 to 13
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Hafnium (Hf), % 0
0 to 0.020
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.0015
Iron (Fe), % 81.3 to 86.9
0 to 0.010
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.7 to 1.2
0 to 0.050
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.0050
Niobium (Nb), % 0
98.1 to 99.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.010
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.025
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
0 to 0.5
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.020
Tungsten (W), % 0
0 to 0.050
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 1.1
0
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2