SAE-AISI D3 Steel vs. SAE-AISI D4 Steel
Both SAE-AISI D3 steel and SAE-AISI D4 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.8 to 15 | |
| 8.4 to 15 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 to 940 | |
| 310 to 920 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 74 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 470 to 1220 | |
| 460 to 1210 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 770 to 2050 | |
| 760 to 2060 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 480 to 1550 | |
| 470 to 1540 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1430 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1380 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 31 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.0 | |
| 4.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 3.5 | |
| 5.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 8.0 | |
| 8.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.2 | |
| 3.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 48 | |
| 49 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 97 to 180 | |
| 100 to 160 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 74 | |
| 27 to 75 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 47 | |
| 24 to 47 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.3 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 63 | |
| 23 to 63 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 2.0 to 2.4 | |
| 2.1 to 2.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13.5 | |
| 11 to 13 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 80.3 to 87 | |
| 80.6 to 86.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |