Titanium 4-4-2 vs. ASTM A372 Grade D Steel
Titanium 4-4-2 belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A372 grade D steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is titanium 4-4-2 and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade D steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 10 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 590 to 620 | |
| 340 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 42 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 690 to 750 | |
| 500 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1150 to 1250 | |
| 810 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1030 to 1080 | |
| 510 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 6.7 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.6 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 39 | |
| 2.1 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.7 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 30 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 480 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 48 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 120 | |
| 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 4700 to 5160 | |
| 700 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 34 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 68 to 74 | |
| 29 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 52 to 55 | |
| 25 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.6 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 86 to 93 | |
| 26 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 3.0 to 5.0 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.4 to 0.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 97.1 to 97.9 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 1.4 to 1.8 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 3.0 to 5.0 | |
| 0.17 to 0.27 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.3 to 0.7 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 1.5 to 2.5 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 85.8 to 92.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |