C31600 Bronze vs. C31400 Bronze
Both C31600 bronze and C31400 bronze are copper alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C31600 bronze and the bottom bar is C31400 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 28 | |
| 6.8 to 29 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 42 | |
| 42 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 170 to 270 | |
| 180 to 240 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 270 to 460 | |
| 270 to 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 80 to 390 | |
| 78 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 200 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 180 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1040 | |
| 1040 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1010 | |
| 1010 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 380 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 140 | |
| 180 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 18 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 32 | |
| 42 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 33 | |
| 43 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 29 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.7 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 43 | |
| 42 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 310 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 30 to 58 | |
| 26 to 59 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 28 to 690 | |
| 28 to 420 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.1 | |
| 7.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 8.5 to 15 | |
| 8.7 to 13 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 11 to 15 | |
| 11 to 14 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 42 | |
| 54 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 9.4 to 16 | |
| 9.6 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
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| Copper (Cu), % | 87.5 to 90.5 | |
| 87.5 to 90.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 1.3 to 2.5 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0.7 to 1.2 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0.040 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 5.2 to 10.5 | |
| 5.8 to 11.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |