H04 C31400 Bronze vs. H04 C31600 Bronze
Both H04 C31400 bronze and H04 C31600 bronze are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the H04 (full hard) temper. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is H04 C31400 bronze and the bottom bar is H04 C31600 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.8 | |
| 6.7 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 42 | |
| 42 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 240 | |
| 270 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 420 | |
| 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 310 | |
| 390 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 200 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 180 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1040 | |
| 1040 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1010 | |
| 1010 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 380 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 180 | |
| 140 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 18 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 42 | |
| 32 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 43 | |
| 33 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 29 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.6 | |
| 2.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 42 | |
| 43 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 310 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 26 | |
| 30 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 420 | |
| 690 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.1 | |
| 7.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 14 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 54 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 15 | |
| 16 |
Alloy Composition
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| Copper (Cu), % | 87.5 to 90.5 | |
| 87.5 to 90.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 1.3 to 2.5 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.7 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0.040 to 0.1 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 5.8 to 11.2 | |
| 5.2 to 10.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |