C94400 Bronze vs. ASTM Grade HF Steel
C94400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys classification, while ASTM grade HF steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94400 bronze and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HF steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 55 | |
| 160 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 100 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 | |
| 29 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.35 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 37 | |
| 77 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 220 | |
| 550 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 110 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 180 | |
| 300 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 150 | |
| 1000 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 940 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 790 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 350 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 19 | |
| 16 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 10 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.9 | |
| 2.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 32 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.1 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.4 | |
| 3.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 54 | |
| 46 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 390 | |
| 150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 33 | |
| 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 60 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 6.1 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 17 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 6.8 | |
| 20 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.0 | |
| 19 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 17 | |
| 4.2 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 8.3 | |
| 12 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 18 to 23 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 76.1 to 84 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 60 to 73.8 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 9.0 to 12 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 8.0 to 12 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 7.0 to 9.0 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |