C94400 Bronze vs. Grade 32 Titanium
C94400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys classification, while grade 32 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94400 bronze and the bottom bar is grade 32 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 100 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 | |
| 11 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.35 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 37 | |
| 40 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 220 | |
| 770 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 110 | |
| 670 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 180 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 150 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 940 | |
| 1610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 790 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 350 | |
| 550 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 7.5 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 19 | |
| 8.2 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 10 | |
| 1.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.9 | |
| 2.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 32 | |
| 38 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.1 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.4 | |
| 32 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 54 | |
| 530 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 390 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 33 | |
| 83 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 60 | |
| 2100 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 6.1 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 17 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 6.8 | |
| 47 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.0 | |
| 41 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 17 | |
| 3.0 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 8.3 | |
| 63 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 4.5 to 5.5 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 76.1 to 84 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 9.0 to 12 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 1.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.11 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0.060 to 0.14 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 7.0 to 9.0 | |
| 0.6 to 1.4 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 88.1 to 93 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 1.4 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 1.4 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |