C94400 Bronze vs. C99300 Copper
Both C94400 bronze and C99300 copper are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 72% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94400 bronze and the bottom bar is C99300 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 55 | |
| 200 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 100 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 | |
| 2.0 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.35 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 37 | |
| 46 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 220 | |
| 660 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 110 | |
| 380 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 180 | |
| 240 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 150 | |
| 250 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 940 | |
| 1080 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 790 | |
| 1070 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 350 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 43 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 19 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 10 | |
| 9.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.9 | |
| 9.8 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 32 | |
| 35 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.1 | |
| 8.2 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.4 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 54 | |
| 70 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 390 | |
| 400 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 33 | |
| 11 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 60 | |
| 590 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 6.1 | |
| 8.3 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 17 | |
| 20 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 6.8 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.0 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 17 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 8.3 | |
| 22 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 10.7 to 11.5 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 76.1 to 84 | |
| 68.6 to 74.4 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0.4 to 1.0 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 9.0 to 12 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 13.5 to 16.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 7.0 to 9.0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |