C99300 Copper vs. C94400 Bronze
Both C99300 copper and C94400 bronze are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 72% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C99300 copper and the bottom bar is C94400 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 | |
| 55 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 120 | |
| 100 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 2.0 | |
| 18 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.35 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 46 | |
| 37 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 660 | |
| 220 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 380 | |
| 110 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 240 | |
| 180 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 250 | |
| 150 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1080 | |
| 940 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1070 | |
| 790 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 450 | |
| 350 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 43 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 19 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 9.0 | |
| 10 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.8 | |
| 9.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 35 | |
| 32 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.2 | |
| 9.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 3.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 70 | |
| 54 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 400 | |
| 390 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 11 | |
| 33 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 590 | |
| 60 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 8.3 | |
| 6.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 22 | |
| 6.8 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 20 | |
| 9.0 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 17 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 22 | |
| 8.3 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 10.7 to 11.5 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 1.0 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 68.6 to 74.4 | |
| 76.1 to 84 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0.4 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 9.0 to 12 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 13.5 to 16.5 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 7.0 to 9.0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |