C99600 Bronze vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel
C99600 bronze belongs to the copper alloys classification, while ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C99600 bronze and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 150 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 27 to 34 | |
| 9.1 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 56 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 560 | |
| 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 250 to 300 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 240 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 200 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1100 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1050 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 440 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 19 | |
| 11 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 22 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.1 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.2 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 51 | |
| 45 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 300 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 130 to 150 | |
| 44 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 210 to 310 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 10 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 22 | |
| 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 19 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 1.0 to 2.8 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 50.8 to 60 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 58.4 to 70 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 39 to 45 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 4.0 to 7.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 to 0.1 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |