ASTM A182 Grade F911 (K91061) Steel
ASTM A182 grade F911 is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the normalized and tempered condition. F911 is the ASTM designation for this material. K91061 is the UNS number.
It has a fairly low thermal conductivity among wrought alloy steels in the same category. In addition, it has a very high embodied energy and a very high base cost.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A182 grade F911 to: wrought alloy steels in the same category (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
220
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
20 %
Fatigue Strength
350 MPa 50 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Reduction in Area
46 %
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
430 MPa 63 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
690 MPa 100 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
500 MPa 73 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
600 °C 1110 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1480 °C 2690 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1440 °C 2620 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
26 W/m-K 15 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
9.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
10 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
9.5 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.8 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
40 MJ/kg 17 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
90 L/kg 11 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
15
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
130 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
650 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
24 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
22 points
Thermal Diffusivity
6.9 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of ASTM A182 grade F911 is notable for including tungsten (W) and zirconium (Zr). Tungsten interacts with other alloying elements to a greater extent than usual, which makes it hard to broadly characterize its effects. Zirconium is used to improve ductility.
| Fe | 86.2 to 88.9 | |
| Cr | 8.5 to 9.5 | |
| W | 0.9 to 1.1 | |
| Mo | 0.9 to 1.1 | |
| Mn | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| Si | 0.1 to 0.5 | |
| V | 0.18 to 0.25 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.4 | |
| C | 0.090 to 0.13 | |
| Nb | 0.060 to 0.1 | |
| N | 0.040 to 0.090 | |
| P | 0 to 0.020 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.020 | |
| S | 0 to 0.010 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.010 | |
| Zr | 0 to 0.010 | |
| B | 0.00030 to 0.0060 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service