ASTM A266 Grade 3 Carbon Steel
ASTM A266 grade 3 is a type of ASTM A266 carbon steel. Cited properties are appropriate for the normalized condition. It has the highest strength and lowest ductility compared to the other variants of ASTM A266 carbon steel.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A266 grade 3 to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
21 %
Fatigue Strength
200 MPa 30 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Reduction in Area
34 %
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
380 MPa 55 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
600 MPa 87 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
290 MPa 42 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
51 W/m-K 29 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.1 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.2 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg 8.0 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
47 L/kg 5.6 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
110 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
230 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
21 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
20 points
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 97.9 to 99.05 | |
| Mn | 0.8 to 1.4 | |
| Si | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| C | 0 to 0.35 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 | |
| S | 0 to 0.025 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A266: Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015