Annealed 416 Stainless Steel
Annealed AISI 416 is AISI 416 stainless steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed AISI 416 to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
230
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
31 %
Fatigue Strength
230 MPa 33 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Reduction in Area
50 %
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
340 MPa 49 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
510 MPa 75 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
290 MPa 43 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
390 °C 740 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
680 °C 1250 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1530 °C 2790 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1480 °C 2700 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
30 W/m-K 17 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
9.9 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.9 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
3.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
7.0 % relative
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
27 MJ/kg 12 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
13
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
140 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
220 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
18 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
18 points
Thermal Diffusivity
8.1 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
19 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 83.2 to 87.9 | |
| Cr | 12 to 14 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.3 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| S | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| C | 0 to 0.15 | |
| P | 0 to 0.060 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM A895: Standard Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
ASTM A473: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings
ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005
Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012
ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996
ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010