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Annealed (+A) 1.4938 Stainless Steel

EN 1.4938 +A steel is EN 1.4938 stainless steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4938 +A steel to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

270

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 28 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

17 %

Fatigue Strength

390 MPa 57 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Shear Modulus

76 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

540 MPa 78 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

870 MPa 130 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

640 MPa 93 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

270 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

390 °C 730 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

750 °C 1380 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2580 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

30 W/m-K 17 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

11 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

2.9 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

3.3 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

10 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

3.3 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

47 MJ/kg 20 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

110 L/kg 13 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

18

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

140 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

1050 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

31 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

26 points

Thermal Diffusivity

8.1 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

30 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 80.5 to 84.8
Chromium (Cr)Cr 11 to 12.5
Nickel (Ni)Ni 2.0 to 3.0
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 1.5 to 2.0
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.4 to 0.9
Vanadium (V)V 0.25 to 0.4
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.5
Carbon (C)C 0.080 to 0.15
Nitrogen (N)N 0.020 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.025
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.015

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

EN 10302: Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys

EN 10269: Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties

Machining of Stainless Steels and Super Alloys: Traditional and Nontraditional Techniques, Helmi A. Youssef, 2016

Creep-Resistant Steels, Fujio Abe et al. (editors), 2008

EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels

Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012

Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010