EN 1.0456 (E275K2) Non-Alloy Steel
EN 1.0456 steel is a carbon (non-alloy) steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. 1.0456 is the EN numeric designation for this material. E275K2 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately low thermal conductivity among wrought carbon or non-alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high embodied energy and a moderately high base cost.
The properties of EN 1.0456 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare EN 1.0456 steel to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
120 to 130
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
24 to 26 %
Fatigue Strength
210 to 220 MPa 30 to 32 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
38 to 45 J 28 to 33 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
270 to 280 MPa 39 to 41 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
420 to 450 MPa 61 to 65 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
290 to 300 MPa 42 to 43 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C 750 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
48 W/m-K 28 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.4 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.2 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
20 MJ/kg 8.7 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
49 L/kg 5.8 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
93 to 99 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
220 to 230 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
15 to 16 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
16 to 17 points
Thermal Diffusivity
13 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
13 to 14 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 96.7 to 99.48 | |
| Mn | 0.5 to 1.4 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.35 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Al | 0.020 to 0.060 | |
| Nb | 0 to 0.050 | |
| V | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 | |
| Ti | 0 to 0.030 | |
| N | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10296-1: Welded circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes
EN 10297-1: Seamless circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes - Technical delivery conditions - Part 1: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes
Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004
Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015