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EN 1.4959 (X8NiCrAlTi32-21) Stainless Steel

EN 1.4959 stainless steel is a superaustenitic (highly alloyed) stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the solution annealed (AT) condition. 1.4959 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X8NiCrAlTi32-21 is the EN chemical designation.

It has a moderately low embodied energy and a moderately low base cost among wrought superaustenitic stainless steels.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4959 stainless steel to: wrought superaustenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 29 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

40 %

Fatigue Strength

170 MPa 24 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Shear Modulus

77 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

430 MPa 62 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

630 MPa 91 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

190 MPa 28 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

300 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

510 °C 940 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

1090 °C 1990 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1400 °C 2550 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1350 °C 2470 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

12 W/m-K 6.9 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

15 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

1.7 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.0 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

31 % relative

Density

8.0 g/cm3 500 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

5.4 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

76 MJ/kg 33 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

200 L/kg 24 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

21

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

190 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

96 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

22 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

3.2 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

15 points

Alloy Composition

Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4959 stainless steel is notable for including cobalt (Co) and aluminum (Al). Cobalt is used to improve mechanical strength at elevated temperatures. Aluminum is used to improve oxidation resistance. It can also enhance the effects of heat treatment.

Iron (Fe)Fe 39.4 to 50.5
Nickel (Ni)Ni 30 to 34
Chromium (Cr)Cr 19 to 22
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.5
Aluminum (Al)Al 0.25 to 0.65
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0.25 to 0.65
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.7
Cobalt (Co)Co 0 to 0.5
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.5
Carbon (C)C 0.050 to 0.1
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.030
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.015
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.010

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

EN 10302: Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys

EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels

Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002

Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010