MakeItFrom.com
Menu (ESC)

EN 1.4981 (X8CrNiMoNb16-16) Stainless Steel

EN 1.4981 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the solution annealed (AT) condition. 1.4981 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X8CrNiMoNb16-16 is the EN chemical designation.

It has a moderately high base cost among wrought austenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a moderately high embodied energy and a moderately low ductility.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4981 stainless steel to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

190

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 29 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

39 %

Fatigue Strength

210 MPa 30 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Shear Modulus

77 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

420 MPa 60 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

610 MPa 88 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

240 MPa 35 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

290 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

520 °C 960 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

940 °C 1720 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1440 °C 2630 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1400 °C 2550 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

16 W/m-K 9.3 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

16 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

2.2 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.5 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

25 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 500 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

4.8 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

67 MJ/kg 29 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

150 L/kg 18 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

22

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

190 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

150 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

21 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

4.3 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

14 points

Alloy Composition

Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4981 stainless steel is notable for including niobium (Nb) and containing a comparatively high amount of nickel (Ni). Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength, particularly at elevated temperatures. Nickel is primarily used to achieve a specific microstructure. In addition, it has a beneficial effect on mechanical properties and certain types of corrosion.

Iron (Fe)Fe 59.6 to 66.7
Nickel (Ni)Ni 15.5 to 17.5
Chromium (Cr)Cr 15.5 to 17.5
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 1.6 to 2.0
Niobium (Nb)Nb 0.4 to 1.2
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.5
Silicon (Si)Si 0.3 to 0.6
Carbon (C)C 0.040 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.035
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.015

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

EN 10302: Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys

Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005

EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels

Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002

Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015