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EN 1.8936 (P420QH) Nickel Steel

EN 1.8936 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.8936 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P420QH is the EN chemical designation.

It has a moderately low thermal conductivity among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high embodied energy and a moderately low tensile strength.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8936 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

180

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

20 %

Fatigue Strength

250 MPa 37 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

370 MPa 54 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

600 MPa 86 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

370 MPa 54 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

410 °C 760 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2580 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

40 W/m-K 23 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.5 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.6 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.5 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.7 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

24 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

50 L/kg 6.0 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

100 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

370 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

21 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

11 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

17 points

Alloy Composition

Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8936 steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of manganese (Mn) and including niobium (Nb). Manganese is used to improve hardenability, hot workability, and surface quality. There is some loss of ductility and weldability, however. Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength.

Iron (Fe)Fe 95.5 to 98.9
Manganese (Mn)Mn 1.0 to 1.7
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0.1 to 0.6
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 0.3
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.2
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.2
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.2
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.1
Aluminum (Al)Al 0 to 0.060
Niobium (Nb)Nb 0 to 0.050
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.025
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.020
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.015

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

EN 10222-4: Steel forgings for pressure purposes - Part 4: Weldable fine-grain steels with high proof strength

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015