Hardened 416 Stainless Steel
Hardened AISI 416 is AISI 416 stainless steel in the hardened (H) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hardened AISI 416 to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
320
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
13 %
Fatigue Strength
340 MPa 50 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
76 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
480 MPa 70 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
800 MPa 120 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
600 MPa 87 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
390 °C 740 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
680 °C 1250 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1530 °C 2790 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1480 °C 2700 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
30 W/m-K 17 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
9.9 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.9 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
3.3 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
7.0 % relative
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
27 MJ/kg 12 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
13
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
98 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
940 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
29 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
25 points
Thermal Diffusivity
8.1 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
30 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 83.2 to 87.9 | |
| Cr | 12 to 14 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.3 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| S | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| C | 0 to 0.15 | |
| P | 0 to 0.060 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM A895: Standard Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005
Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012
ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels
Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996
ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010